Venezuelan Strategy for Agreeing on ALBA in Facing Trade Expansion United States of Latin America
Abstract
In 2004 Venezuela and Cuba have agreed on a regional collaboration in Latin America called Alternative Bolivarian Las Americas and abbreviated ALBA. This collaboration is formed as a resistance facing U.S. trade expansion to bring a mission neoliberalism. With the formation of ALBA, Venezuela is the regional co-operation leaders making strategic measures to face Neoliberalism. In 2010 ALBA has had a total of 10 member countries. As a counter hegemony, ALBA also worked in three spaces. In the space of ideas, countries members need complementary principles of solidarity and cooperation to achieve prosperity and equitable regional development. At the institutional space, the idea is then integrated into ALBA.
References
De Lombaerde, Philippe and Luis Jorge Garay. 2006. The New Regionalism in Latin America and The Role of US. United Nations University.
Jackson, Robert and G. Sorensen (1999). International Political Economy‖, in Introduction to International Relations, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lebowitz, Michael A, Socialism Now — Yogyakarta: Resist Book, May
2009. Lebowitz, Michael A, Beyond Capital: Marx's Political Economy of the Working Class, 2nd ed. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
Masri Singarimbun and Sofyan Efendi, Survey Research Methods, LP3ES, Jakarta, 1988
Mas‘oed, Mohtar, International Relations: Discipline and Methodology, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1990.
Conscience Soyomukti, Hugo Chavez vs United States, Jakarta, 2008.
Prasetyo, Eko, These are the Radical Presidents. Yogyakarta: Resist Book, 2006. Parsons,
Talcott, "The Distribution of Power in the American Society", World Politics (October, 1957).
Robert Gilpin, The Political Economy of International Relations, (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1987)
Rui Albuquerque & Gregory H. Bauer & Martin Schneider. International equity flows and returns: a quantitative equilibrium approach. Boston: International Finance, EconWPA. 2005
Shoelhi, Mohammad, On the Verge of America's Fall, Jakarta, Grafindo Khazanah Ilmu.
Arlene B. Tickner Working Paper Latin America and the Caribbean: Domestic and Transnational Insecurity (International Peace Academy, 2007.
Guareschi, Roberto (5 Nov. 2005). "Not quite the Evita of Argentine legend". New Straits Times,
Journal of Social Democracy, Vol. 4 No. 1, October-December 2008, Page 14. In the History of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the New Left Movement.
Bulmer-Thomas, V. (ed.), Regional Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Political Economy of Open Regionalism, ILAS, 2001.
International Viewpoint, edition IV / 366, April 2005. Excerpted from Claudio Katz's article, "The Center Left, Nationalism and Socialism".
Abigail Noble and Martin Weinstein. A Resurgent Left in Latin America: Implications for the
Region and US Policy. LOGOS, Journal of Modern Society and Culture, No. 42, Spring 2005, p.3
International Viewpoint, edition IV / 366, April 2005. Excerpted from Claudio Katz's article, "The Center Left, Nationalism and Socialism".
International Viewpoint, edition IV / 366, April 2005. Excerpted from Claudio Katz's article, "The Center Left, Nationalism and Socialism".
Robert E. Qurik, Axis of Satan: the story of the Four Revolutionary Presidents. (Yogyakarta:
PrismaSophie, 2006)., P.191.
History of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the New Left Movement. repository.usu.ac.id/ bitstream / 123456789/31570 / .../ Chapter% 20II.pdf
Teriana Akbar Yuloh. Bolivarian Circle: Analysis of New Social Movements in Venezuela in 2001-2003.UPI, 2012. repository.upi.edu/ operator / upload / s_sej_0704596_ chapter1.pdf
ALBA pasa a ser Alianza Bolivariana de los Pueblos de América "(in es). Venezolana de Televisión. June 3, 2009.http: //en.wikipedia.org
ALBA summit ends with entry of guest countries http://en.wikipedia.org Latin America and 21st Century socialism http://www.pakishijau.com
What's wrong with Hugo Chavez http://lmnd.wordpress.com
America Vera Zavala, artParticipatory Democracy in Venezuela‖www.zmag.org ―Altenativa Bolivarian apara las Americas‖ http://www.alternarivabolivariana.org
AFP, 10 August 2010, Colombia, Venezuela, leaders expected to renew ties http://www.webcitation.org
"Ataques a TeleSUR" (in Spanish) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeleSUR
The rise of Latin America http://www.theglobal-review.com
Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas http://en.wikipedia.org Barry C. Lynn, Chaos and
Constitution, January / February 2001 Issue http://www.motherjones.com
Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas http://english.aljazeera.net ―Bolivarian Constitution‖ http://en.wikipedia.org
Bolivia Chavez usa Venezuela Morales ambassador oil http://www.france24.com Chavez aids Antigua Barbuda after Stanford fraud scandal http://guardian.co.tt Cristiano Kerrilla, zuelaVenezuela: Bolivarian Circles Organize the poor‖.
Critical review of the American debt crisis http://ceszvkunrsky.blogspot.com
CELAC: New Block of Latin American Countries Challenges US Hegemonyhttp: //www.satumedia.info
CELAC: Latin America makes important history http://www.prakarsa-rakyat.org Colombia Cancels Chavez Mediation http://abcnews.go.com
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Science and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
.jpg)
.png)
.png)
.png)
.png)
1.png)
.jpg)
-modified.png)
-modified.png)
-modified.png)
