People's Participation in Community Forest Management
Keywords:
Community Forest, People’s Participation, Benefit Sharing.
Abstract
The proposed study introduced the "People's Participation in Community Forest Management". This study was conducted on community forest of the central part of Nepal in Sindhuli district. The main objective of this study was to assess the participation of users group in forest management activities, decision making, benefit sharing mechanism and finding the factors that effect on people's participation. Primary data was collected through preliminary survey, questionnaire survey, focus group discussion and key informant survey. Secondary data was collected from concerned Division Forest Office (DFO), CFUGs operational plan, constitution of CFUGs, minutes, and documents from local government and non-government organizations. The qualitative and quantitative data was analysed using statistical packages SPSS, MS Excel. For qualitative analysis descriptive methods were used and the result was presented in different charts, tables and graphs. From the study, participation of forest users' group was high on forest product collection and distribution and low in plantation in forest management activities, decision making process satisfactory and benefit sharing mechanism was transparent and factors affecting for the participation of users' group was illiteracy and busy in farming. Therefore, this study is supportive for all who work for the improvement of users’ group participation in the community forest management.
References
Acharya, K.P. (2001). Managing Forest in Community Forest in Nepal: Banko Janakari: Vol.11 (2) Kathmandu, Nepal.
Acharya, K. P. (2002). Twenty-four years of community forestry in Nepal. International Forestry Review, 4(2), 149-156.
Agarwal, B. (1997). Environmental action, gender equity and women's participation. Development and change, 28(1), 1-44.
Aryal Usha, (2000). Access to Forest and Sustainability of Livelihood. A Thesis Submitted in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master’s Degree of Science, Agriculture University of Norway.
Bajracharya, D. (1987). Deforestation and the Food, Fuel Context: Historical, Political Perspectives from Nepal, Accepted for Publication in Mountain Research and Development.
Baniya, A. (2000), Effectiveness of Forest User Group: An Assessment in Bongadovan VDC in Baglung District”. A Dissertation submitted to the department of Sociology and Anthropology for partial fulfillment of the requirements of Master’s Degree of Sociology, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Baral J.C and B.R. Subedi. (1999). Is Community Forest of Nepal’s Terai in Right in Position, Vo. 9(2), A Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal.
Baral N. R. (1993). Where Is Our Community Forest Banko Jankari, Vol 4(1) pp 12-15, A Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal?
Bhandari, R. (1997). Gender Participation in Community Management: A Case Study from Kavrepalanchok and Sindhupalchok District, a Dissertation submitted to the Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology.
Bhatia, A. (1999). Participatory Forest Management Implications for policy and Human Resource Development in the Hindu Kush Himalayas: Volume V, ICIMODE, Kathmandu.
Binod, B. (2016). Community Forest and Forest Management in Nepal. American Journal of Environmental Proctection, 4(3), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.12691/env-4-3-3
CBS. (2001). Population Census: Kathmandu, Nepal.
Chhetri, R. B. and T. R., Panday. (1992), User Group Forestry in the Far Western of Nepal. Kathmandu: International Centre for integrated Mountain Development.
Community Forestry Division. (2008). Department of Forest, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Dahal, D. R. (1994). A Review of Forest User Groups: Case Studies from Eastern Nepal. Kathmandu: International Centre for integrated Mountain Development.
DoF. (2017). Silviculture for Forest Management. Proceedings of the First National Silviculture Workshop, Kathmandu, Nepal, 19-21 February 2017. Retrieved from https://ifro.ku.dk/english/research/projects/projects_development/scifor/newsbxjune2014/conference s/Proceedings_SilviWS_2017.pdf
Ebscher, A. (1999). Bio-diversity in Community Forestry: Assessment in the Different Forest Types in the mid-hills of Nepal: NSCFP, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Fisher, R. J. (1992). Indigenous systems of common property forest management in Nepal. Readings in Social Forestry and Natural Resource Management in Nepal, 187-209.
FAO. (2000). Leasehold Forestry of the Poor: PAI, July–September, FAO, Rome, Italy.
Gilmaur, D. A. and Fisher, R. J. (1991). Villagers Forests and Foresters: The Philosophy Process and Practical of Community Forest in Nepal. Kathmandu: Sahayogi Press.
Gilmour D.A., King, G. C. and Mary, H. (1989). Management of Forest for Local Use in the Hills of Nepal: Part I Research Support Series: Number 10 November 1992.
HMG/ADB/FINNIDA. (1988). Master Plan for Forestry Sector Nepal, Ministry of Forestsand Soil Conservation (MOFSC), Kathmandu, Nepal.
HMG/N. (1995). Community Forestry Guideline
HMG/N. (1993). Forest Act 1993: Forest Department, Kathmandu, Nepal.
HMG/N. (1999). Guideline for Inventory of Community Forests: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Department of Forests, Community and Private Forest Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Jackson, M. (1994). Forestry Work in Villagers: A Guide for Field Workers, Nepal. Kathmandu: Australian Community Forestry Project.
Jary, David and Jary, Julia. (200). Collins Dictionary of Sociology. HarperCollins Pubilishers. Westerhill Road, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow G64 2 QT.
Joshi, M. R. (1993). Community Forestry in Nepal; Participatory Forestry Perspectives, Proceeding of the Seminar BARC Winrock International, Dhaka, Agro Forestry and Participation Forestry Research and Training Support Program.
Joshi, N. N. (1995). Factors Influencing Participation of Members of Forestry User Groups in Community Forestry in the Hills of Nepal; Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation in Rural Sociology in the Faculty of Human Ecology, University of Pertanian, Malaysia.
Karki, I.S., and Tiwari, S. (1999). Towards Sustainable Management of Forests: Learning from the experience of Community Forest in Nepal: In proceeding of an International Seminar on Sustainable Forest Management, August-September 1998. Pokhara, Nepal.
Karki, M. V., Jay, B. S. and Karki, N. (1994). Sustainable Management of Common Forest Resources: An Evaluation of Selected Forest User Groups in Western Nepal. Kathmandu: International Centre for integrated Mountain Development.
Kayastha, B. P. (1991). Elements of Community Forestry in Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal.
K.C, B (2012). Socio-economic study of Community forestry in mid-hill region of Nepal
Kothari, C.R. (1994). Quantitative Techniques: New Delhi: Vikahs Publihsing House Pvt.Ltd.
Kumar, N. (2002). The challenges of community participation in forest development in Nepal. Operations Evaluation Department (OED), the World Bank, Washington, DC.
Lamichhane S. (2000). Role of Non-Government Organization in Community Forestry Development: A Case Study of Ramechhap District, an unpublished M.A. dissertation in Sociology/Anthropology, T.U. Kathmandu.
Maharjan, M.R. (1993). Cost and Benefit patterns in Community Forestry of Nepal: Thesis Submitted to Australian National University: Canberra, SREM, and DOF. ANU.
Malla, Y.B. (2000). Impacts of Community Forest Policy on Rural Livelihood and Food Security in Nepal: Unasylva: Vol.51 (202):34-45. Kathmandu, Nepal.
Malla Y. B. and Fisher R. J. (1988). Planting Trees on Private Land in Nepal: The Equity Aspect, Multipurpose Trees for Small Farm Use Workshop, Thailand, Winrock International and F/FRED, Pallaya.
Nadkarni, M.V. (2000). The Political Economy of Forest Use and Management: The Asia Foundation, Page: 134-138.
Nepal Forest Act 1993 and Forest Regulation. (1995). His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.
New ERA. (1998). Population and Community Forest Management: Lesson from an Action Research in Nepal: New Era, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Poffenberger, M. (2000). Communities and Forest Management in South Asia: Asia Forest Network, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Pokhrel, B.K. (2001). Community Forestry and People’s Livelihoods: Journal of Forestry and Livelihood. Kathmandu, Nepal.
Pokhrel, R. K. (1999). An Overview of Participatory Forestry in Nepal’s Terai, Banko Jankari: Vol 9 (1), A Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal.
Principles, T. D., Policy, S., Amendment, C., Schedule, E., Plans, F. Y., Plan, T., Tribes, S. (n.d.). People’s Participation.
Rahnema, M. A. (2000). Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power, edited by Wolfang Sachs, Delhi, Orient Longman Ltd.
Ranjit, Y., & Ph, D. (2014). Determinants of People ’ s Participation in Forest Protection and Management : A Study in Kaski , Nepal, 17(1), 175–186.
(Ranjit, 2011.) Agley, M. W., & Jha, H. O. (n.d.). Analyzing Participatory Trends in Nepal ’s Community Forestry
Ranjit, Y. (2011). Economic impact of people's participation in forest management (a case study of Kabhre Palanchwok, Nepal). Economic Journal of Development Issues, 139-151.
Sarre, Alistair. (2012). what is Community Forestry: The RIC Good Wood Guide: Accessed on: http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/good_wood/comm_fy.htm
Sharma, D. (1999). Community Forestry at Kathmandu District Nepal: Banko Jankari 9(1), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Shrestha, B. (1999). Policy and Institutional Dimensions of Community Forestry in Nepal, Discourse-Student Journal of Sociology/Anthropology, Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur.
Shrestha, K. B. (1994). Community Forest in Nepal and Overview of Conflict, Banko Jankari Vol. 4(1) pp 101-107, a journal of Forestry Information for Nepal.
Shrestha, K.B. (1996). Community Forestry in Nepal: An Overview of Conflicts: Discussion Paper Series No. MNR 6/2: ICIMODE, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Shrestha, M., 2004.Gender Issues in Community Forestry in Nepal. In Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural studies.
Subedi, M. R., & Timilsina, Y. P. (2016). Implementation & small-Scale Forestry, 15(2), 257–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-015-9321-y
Taylor and Francis. (2007). What Makes Community Forest Management Successful: A Meta-Study from Community Forests throughout the World: Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal: Volume 19, Issue1.
Upreti, B.R. (2000). Social Transformation through Community Forestry: Experiences and Lessons from Nepal: Available athttp://www.mntforum.org/resources/ library /uprebooa2.html.
Upreti, B.R. (2001). Contributions of Community Forestry in Rural Social Transformation: Some Observations from Nepal. Journal of Forestry and Livelihoods Vol.1 (1):31-363, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Wagley, M., & Ojha, H. (2002). Analyzing participatory trends in Nepal's community forestry. Policy Trend Report, 2002, 122-142.
Wolf, H. K., & Pant, P. R. (2002). Social Science Research and Thesis Writing Kathmandu: Buddha Academic Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.
Acharya, K. P. (2002). Twenty-four years of community forestry in Nepal. International Forestry Review, 4(2), 149-156.
Agarwal, B. (1997). Environmental action, gender equity and women's participation. Development and change, 28(1), 1-44.
Aryal Usha, (2000). Access to Forest and Sustainability of Livelihood. A Thesis Submitted in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master’s Degree of Science, Agriculture University of Norway.
Bajracharya, D. (1987). Deforestation and the Food, Fuel Context: Historical, Political Perspectives from Nepal, Accepted for Publication in Mountain Research and Development.
Baniya, A. (2000), Effectiveness of Forest User Group: An Assessment in Bongadovan VDC in Baglung District”. A Dissertation submitted to the department of Sociology and Anthropology for partial fulfillment of the requirements of Master’s Degree of Sociology, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Baral J.C and B.R. Subedi. (1999). Is Community Forest of Nepal’s Terai in Right in Position, Vo. 9(2), A Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal.
Baral N. R. (1993). Where Is Our Community Forest Banko Jankari, Vol 4(1) pp 12-15, A Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal?
Bhandari, R. (1997). Gender Participation in Community Management: A Case Study from Kavrepalanchok and Sindhupalchok District, a Dissertation submitted to the Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology.
Bhatia, A. (1999). Participatory Forest Management Implications for policy and Human Resource Development in the Hindu Kush Himalayas: Volume V, ICIMODE, Kathmandu.
Binod, B. (2016). Community Forest and Forest Management in Nepal. American Journal of Environmental Proctection, 4(3), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.12691/env-4-3-3
CBS. (2001). Population Census: Kathmandu, Nepal.
Chhetri, R. B. and T. R., Panday. (1992), User Group Forestry in the Far Western of Nepal. Kathmandu: International Centre for integrated Mountain Development.
Community Forestry Division. (2008). Department of Forest, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Dahal, D. R. (1994). A Review of Forest User Groups: Case Studies from Eastern Nepal. Kathmandu: International Centre for integrated Mountain Development.
DoF. (2017). Silviculture for Forest Management. Proceedings of the First National Silviculture Workshop, Kathmandu, Nepal, 19-21 February 2017. Retrieved from https://ifro.ku.dk/english/research/projects/projects_development/scifor/newsbxjune2014/conference s/Proceedings_SilviWS_2017.pdf
Ebscher, A. (1999). Bio-diversity in Community Forestry: Assessment in the Different Forest Types in the mid-hills of Nepal: NSCFP, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Fisher, R. J. (1992). Indigenous systems of common property forest management in Nepal. Readings in Social Forestry and Natural Resource Management in Nepal, 187-209.
FAO. (2000). Leasehold Forestry of the Poor: PAI, July–September, FAO, Rome, Italy.
Gilmaur, D. A. and Fisher, R. J. (1991). Villagers Forests and Foresters: The Philosophy Process and Practical of Community Forest in Nepal. Kathmandu: Sahayogi Press.
Gilmour D.A., King, G. C. and Mary, H. (1989). Management of Forest for Local Use in the Hills of Nepal: Part I Research Support Series: Number 10 November 1992.
HMG/ADB/FINNIDA. (1988). Master Plan for Forestry Sector Nepal, Ministry of Forestsand Soil Conservation (MOFSC), Kathmandu, Nepal.
HMG/N. (1995). Community Forestry Guideline
HMG/N. (1993). Forest Act 1993: Forest Department, Kathmandu, Nepal.
HMG/N. (1999). Guideline for Inventory of Community Forests: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Department of Forests, Community and Private Forest Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Jackson, M. (1994). Forestry Work in Villagers: A Guide for Field Workers, Nepal. Kathmandu: Australian Community Forestry Project.
Jary, David and Jary, Julia. (200). Collins Dictionary of Sociology. HarperCollins Pubilishers. Westerhill Road, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow G64 2 QT.
Joshi, M. R. (1993). Community Forestry in Nepal; Participatory Forestry Perspectives, Proceeding of the Seminar BARC Winrock International, Dhaka, Agro Forestry and Participation Forestry Research and Training Support Program.
Joshi, N. N. (1995). Factors Influencing Participation of Members of Forestry User Groups in Community Forestry in the Hills of Nepal; Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation in Rural Sociology in the Faculty of Human Ecology, University of Pertanian, Malaysia.
Karki, I.S., and Tiwari, S. (1999). Towards Sustainable Management of Forests: Learning from the experience of Community Forest in Nepal: In proceeding of an International Seminar on Sustainable Forest Management, August-September 1998. Pokhara, Nepal.
Karki, M. V., Jay, B. S. and Karki, N. (1994). Sustainable Management of Common Forest Resources: An Evaluation of Selected Forest User Groups in Western Nepal. Kathmandu: International Centre for integrated Mountain Development.
Kayastha, B. P. (1991). Elements of Community Forestry in Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal.
K.C, B (2012). Socio-economic study of Community forestry in mid-hill region of Nepal
Kothari, C.R. (1994). Quantitative Techniques: New Delhi: Vikahs Publihsing House Pvt.Ltd.
Kumar, N. (2002). The challenges of community participation in forest development in Nepal. Operations Evaluation Department (OED), the World Bank, Washington, DC.
Lamichhane S. (2000). Role of Non-Government Organization in Community Forestry Development: A Case Study of Ramechhap District, an unpublished M.A. dissertation in Sociology/Anthropology, T.U. Kathmandu.
Maharjan, M.R. (1993). Cost and Benefit patterns in Community Forestry of Nepal: Thesis Submitted to Australian National University: Canberra, SREM, and DOF. ANU.
Malla, Y.B. (2000). Impacts of Community Forest Policy on Rural Livelihood and Food Security in Nepal: Unasylva: Vol.51 (202):34-45. Kathmandu, Nepal.
Malla Y. B. and Fisher R. J. (1988). Planting Trees on Private Land in Nepal: The Equity Aspect, Multipurpose Trees for Small Farm Use Workshop, Thailand, Winrock International and F/FRED, Pallaya.
Nadkarni, M.V. (2000). The Political Economy of Forest Use and Management: The Asia Foundation, Page: 134-138.
Nepal Forest Act 1993 and Forest Regulation. (1995). His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.
New ERA. (1998). Population and Community Forest Management: Lesson from an Action Research in Nepal: New Era, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Poffenberger, M. (2000). Communities and Forest Management in South Asia: Asia Forest Network, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Pokhrel, B.K. (2001). Community Forestry and People’s Livelihoods: Journal of Forestry and Livelihood. Kathmandu, Nepal.
Pokhrel, R. K. (1999). An Overview of Participatory Forestry in Nepal’s Terai, Banko Jankari: Vol 9 (1), A Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal.
Principles, T. D., Policy, S., Amendment, C., Schedule, E., Plans, F. Y., Plan, T., Tribes, S. (n.d.). People’s Participation.
Rahnema, M. A. (2000). Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power, edited by Wolfang Sachs, Delhi, Orient Longman Ltd.
Ranjit, Y., & Ph, D. (2014). Determinants of People ’ s Participation in Forest Protection and Management : A Study in Kaski , Nepal, 17(1), 175–186.
(Ranjit, 2011.) Agley, M. W., & Jha, H. O. (n.d.). Analyzing Participatory Trends in Nepal ’s Community Forestry
Ranjit, Y. (2011). Economic impact of people's participation in forest management (a case study of Kabhre Palanchwok, Nepal). Economic Journal of Development Issues, 139-151.
Sarre, Alistair. (2012). what is Community Forestry: The RIC Good Wood Guide: Accessed on: http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/good_wood/comm_fy.htm
Sharma, D. (1999). Community Forestry at Kathmandu District Nepal: Banko Jankari 9(1), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Shrestha, B. (1999). Policy and Institutional Dimensions of Community Forestry in Nepal, Discourse-Student Journal of Sociology/Anthropology, Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur.
Shrestha, K. B. (1994). Community Forest in Nepal and Overview of Conflict, Banko Jankari Vol. 4(1) pp 101-107, a journal of Forestry Information for Nepal.
Shrestha, K.B. (1996). Community Forestry in Nepal: An Overview of Conflicts: Discussion Paper Series No. MNR 6/2: ICIMODE, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Shrestha, M., 2004.Gender Issues in Community Forestry in Nepal. In Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural studies.
Subedi, M. R., & Timilsina, Y. P. (2016). Implementation & small-Scale Forestry, 15(2), 257–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-015-9321-y
Taylor and Francis. (2007). What Makes Community Forest Management Successful: A Meta-Study from Community Forests throughout the World: Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal: Volume 19, Issue1.
Upreti, B.R. (2000). Social Transformation through Community Forestry: Experiences and Lessons from Nepal: Available athttp://www.mntforum.org/resources/ library /uprebooa2.html.
Upreti, B.R. (2001). Contributions of Community Forestry in Rural Social Transformation: Some Observations from Nepal. Journal of Forestry and Livelihoods Vol.1 (1):31-363, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Wagley, M., & Ojha, H. (2002). Analyzing participatory trends in Nepal's community forestry. Policy Trend Report, 2002, 122-142.
Wolf, H. K., & Pant, P. R. (2002). Social Science Research and Thesis Writing Kathmandu: Buddha Academic Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.
Published
2022-06-16
How to Cite
Shrestha, S., Sharma, G. B., & Bhattarai, S. (2022). People’s Participation in Community Forest Management. International Journal of Science and Society, 4(2), 256-276. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i2.468
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