Evaluation of Hazelnut Shells in Polypropylene Based Polymer Composite Production
Abstract
Natural fibers have been commonly utilized to reinforced materials for many years. Recently due to advantages of natural fibers such as low cost, high physical and mechanical resistance are produced plastic-composite materials by mixing various proportions. In addition, plastic composites are used natural fibers include agricultural wastes (wheat straw, rice straw, hemp fiber, shells of various dry fruits, etc.). In this study, polymer composites were manufactured using waste nutshell flour as filler and polypropylene (PP) as polymer matrix. The nutshell-PP composites were manufactured via extrusion and compression methods. The final product tested to determine their tensile, flexural, impact strength properties as well as some physical features such as thickness swelling and water absorptions. The best results were obtained composites containing 30% nutshell flour. In addition, composites which were produced nutshell provided the values of ASTM D6662 standard. The data collected in our country which waste a large portion of nutshell allows for the evaluation of the production polymer composites. The incorporation of nutshell flour feasible to produce plastic composites when appropriate formulations were used. As a result hazelnut shell which was considered agricultural waste can be utilized in polymer composite production.
References
ASTM D 1037. (1996). Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 6662. (2001). Standard Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic Lumber Decking Boards. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 256. (2002). Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 638. (2004). Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 790. (2004). Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA.
Cooper, P. A., Balatinecz, J. J. (1999). Agricultural Waste Materials for Composites. Centre for Management Technology Global Panel Based Conference (October 18-19), Kuala Lumpur, ML.
EN 317. (1993). Particleboards and Fiberboards, Determination of Swelling in Thickness after Immersion in Water. CEN, Brussels. Belgium.
Hill, M. K. (2010). Understanding Environmental Pollution. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Korucu, T., Mengeloğlu, F. (2007). Potentials of Agricultural Residues as Raw Materials and Their Alternative Usage Possibilities in Turkey. 24th National Agricultural Mechanization Congress, Kahramanmaras, s. 297-307.
Kurt, R., Karademir, A., Çetin, N. S., Özmen, N. (2002). Potential Utilization of Wood Residue in Turkey. First International Ukranian Conference on Biomass, Kiev, Ukranian (CD).
Matuana, L. M., Heiden, P. A. (2004). Wood Composites. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, 12, 521-546.
Mengeloğlu, F., Alma, M. H. (2002). Buğday Saplarının Kompozit Levha Üretiminde Kullanılması. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 5(2), 37-48.
Mengeloğlu, F., Alma, M. H., Çetin, N. S. (2002). Plastik Endüstrisinde Buğday Sapı Ununun Kullanılabilirliği. Gazi Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 57-65.
Mengeloğlu, F. (2006). Wood/Tfhermoplastic Composites. I. Polimerik Kompozitler Sempozyumu ve Sergisi. TBMOB Kimya Mühendisleri Odası, İzmir, s. 471-480.
Karakuş, K. (2008). Üniversitemizdeki polietilen ve polipropilen atıkların polimer kompozit üretiminde değerlendirilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Entitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kahramanmaraş.
Rowell, R. M. (1995). A New Generation of Composite Materials from Agro-Based Fiber. 3rd International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Material (January 16-20), Kuala Lumpur, ML. 659-665.
Rowell, R. M. (2001). Performance Driven Composites from Lignocellulosic Resources. International Conference on Science and Technology of Composites Materials, 29-32 s.
Simonsen, J. (1995). The Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber Plastic Composites: Theoretical vs. Experimental. In Proceedings of Wood Fiber Plastic Composites, Forest Products Society, Proceedings No. 7293, 47-55.
Stokke DD, Gardner DJ (2003) Fundamental Aspects of Wood as a Component of Thermoplastic Composites. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 9(2), 96–104.
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Science and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
.jpg)
.png)
.png)
.png)
.png)
1.png)
.jpg)
-modified.png)
-modified.png)
-modified.png)
