Construction of Living Fiqh al-Bi’ah Based on Pesantren Culture: From Normative Islamic Jurisprudence to Santri Ecological Practices

Abstract

This study is motivated by the limited research explaining how fiqh al-bi'ah can be transformed from a normative legal discourse into a lived environmental culture within Islamic boarding schools. The study aims to explain the construction of Living Fiqh al-Bi'ah in the pesantren environment, analyze the transformation of normative fiqh into students' ecological practices, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and formulate a conceptual model of Living Fiqh al-Bi'ah based on pesantren culture. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study design within a constructivist paradigm. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, while data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at the Jatian Waste Management Laboratory of Annuqayah Lubangsa Islamic Boarding School, Sumenep. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that fiqh al-bi'ah values have been transformed into ecological practices through the processes of externalization, objectivation, and internalization, reinforced by habituation. The role of the kiai as a cultural broker and agent of change, consistent institutional routines, and student involvement are important factors in developing an ecological culture. The study concludes that fiqh al-bi'ah at Annuqayah has developed into Living Fiqh al-Bi'ah as part of students' daily lives. The implications indicate that pesantren can serve as a space for sustainable Islamic education by integrating religious values with environmental practices. Future research may examine this model in other pesantren with different cultural characteristics and develop quantitative instruments to measure its long-term impact on students' ecological character.