The Influence of Sales Growth and Capital Intensity on Tax Aggressiveness
Keywords:
Tax Aggressiveness, Capital Intensity, Effective Tax Rate (ETR).
Abstract
This research scrutinizes the behavior of tax aggressiveness exhibited by manufacturing companies listed on the IDX over a five-year period (2016-2020), by using two independent variables as a primary factors sales growth and capital intensity and using Effective Tax Rate (ETR) as the measurement. While previous studies offer conflicting evidence, this paper provides clarity by employing robust empirical analysis. Findings reveal that capital intensity significantly and positively impacts tax aggressiveness, as firms utilize asset depreciation to reduce taxable income. Conversely, sales growth shows no significant effect on tax aggressiveness, suggesting that revenue fluctuations do not necessarily correlate with strategic tax planning. These results underscore the nuanced nature of corporate tax behavior and offer insights for investors, policymakers, and academics to better understand and regulate tax optimization practices. The study contributes to the broader discourse on balancing profit maximization and tax compliance in the corporate sector.
References
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8. Dwiyanti, I. A. I., & Jati, I. K. (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, dan Inventory Intensity pada Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 2293. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v27.i03.p24
9. Fauzan, F., Ayu Wardan, D., & Nissa Nurharjanti, N. (2019). The Effect of Audit Committee, Leverage, Return on Assets, Company Size, and Sales Growth on Tax Avoidance. JURNAL Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 4(3).
10. Frank, M. M., Lynch, L. J., & Rego, S. O. (2009). Tax Reporting Aggressiveness and Its Relation to Aggressive Financial Reporting. The Accounting Review, 84(2), 467–496. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2009.84.2.467
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13. Hidayat, W. W. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Studi Kasus Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB), 3(1), 19–26.
14. Januari, D. M. D., & Suardikha, I. M. S. (2019). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Sales Growth, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Tax Avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 1653. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v27.i03.p01
15. Jin, X. (2021). Corporate tax aggressiveness and capital structure decisions: Evidence from China. International Review of Economics and Finance, 75, 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.04.008
16. Kim, J. H., & Im, C. C. (2016). Corporate Tax Avoidance in SME: The Effect of Listing. International Journal of U- and e- Service, Science and Technology, 9(6), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2016.9.6.26
17. Laguir, I., Staglianò, R., & Elbaz, J. (2015). Does corporate social responsibility affect corporate tax aggressiveness? Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 662–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.059
18. Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: a test of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(1), 75–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571311285621
19. Marfiana, A., Praka, Y., Putra, M., Keuangan, P., Stan, N., & Id, A. M. A. (2021). The Effect of Employee Benefit Liabilities, Sales Growth, Capital Intensity, and Earning Management on Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Manajemen STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 7(1).
20. Meilina, S., & Sugiyarti2, P. L. (2017). Pengaruh Intensitas Aset Tetap, Pertumbuhan Penjualan dan Koneksi Politik Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 5(3), 1625–1642. https://doi.org/10.17509/jrak.v5i3.9225
21. Ningrum, E. M., Samrotun, Y. C., & Fajri, R. N. (2019). Tax Avoidance Ditinjau Dari Corporate Governance Pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate. In Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta Jl. Agus Salim (Vol. 5, Issue 2).
22. Novitasari, S. (2016). Pengaruh manajemen laba, corporate governance, dan intensitas modalterhadap agresivitas pajak perusahaan (studi empiris pada perusahaan property dan real estate yang terdaftar di BEI periode tahun 2010-2014). Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi, 4(1), 1901–1914.
23. Nugraha, M. I., & Mulyani, S. D. (2019). Peran Leverage Sebagai Pemediasi Pengaruh Karakter Eksekutif, Kompensasi Eksekutif, Capital Intensity, Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 6(2), 301. https://doi.org/10.25105/jat.v6i2.5575
24. Oktaviyani, R., & Munandar, A. (2017). Effect of Solvency, Sales Growth, and Institutional Ownership on Tax Avoidance with Profitability as Moderating Variables in Indonesian Property and Real Estate Companies. Binus Business Review, 8(3), 183. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v8i3.3622
25. Permata, A. D., Nurlaela, S., & Wahyuningsih, E. M. (2018). Pengaruh Size, Age, Profitability, Leverage dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pajak, 19(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.29040/jap.v19i1.171
26. Purwanto, P., & Indrawan, R. (2020). The Determinants of Tax Evasion in Directorate General of Customs and Excise Jakarta. www.cnbcindonesia.com
27. Rahma, A. A., Pratiwi, N., Mary, H., & Indriyenni, I. (2022). Pengaruh Capital Intensity, Karakteristik Perusahaan, Dan CSR Disclosure Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. Owner, 6(1), 677–689. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.637
28. Ruan, J., Yan, Z., Dong, B., Zheng, Q., & Qian, B. (2019). Identifying suspicious groups of affiliated-transaction-based tax evasion in big data. Information Sciences, 477, 508–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2018.11.008
29. Sangata Ramadhani, W., & Nur Triyanto, D. (2020). Pengaruh Hedging, Financial Lease dan Sales Growth terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation Article History, 5(1).
30. Seralurin, Y. C., & Ermawati, Y. (2019). Influence of self-assessment system, taxation understanding, and discrimination toward ethics of tax evasion. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(5), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n5.745
31. Slemrod, J. (2004). The Economics of Corporate Tax Selfishness. National Tax Journal, 57(4), 877–899. https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2004.4.06
32. Sonia, S., & Suparmun, H. (2019). Factors Influencing Tax Avoidance.
33. Swingly, C., & Sukartha, I. M. (2015). Pengaruh Karakter Eksekutif, Komite Audit, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Sales growth Pada Tax Avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 10(1), 47–62.
34. Weston, J. F., Brigham, E. F., & Khalid, A. Q. (1991). Essentials of Managerial Finance. Jakarta: Erlangga.
35. Windaswari, K. A., & Merkusiwati, N. K. L. A. (2018). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Capital Intensity, Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan Pada Agresivitas Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 1980. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2018.v23.i03.p14
36. Wulandari, T. R., & Purnomo, L. J. (2021). Ukuran Perusahaan, Umur Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 21(1), 102–115.
37. Zulaikha, H. R. H. (2013). Pengaruh Karakteristik Corporate Governance Terhadap Effective Tax Rate (Studi Empiris pada BUMN Yang Terdaftar di BEI 2009-2011). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 2(2), 1–10.
2. Andhari, P. A. S., & Sukartha, I. M. (2017). Pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility, profitabilitas, inventory intensity, capital intensity, dan leverage pada agresivitas pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 18(3), 2115–2142.
3. Aprianto, M., & Dwimulyani, S. (2019). Pengaruh Sales Growth Dan Leverage Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Kepemilikan Institusional Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Seminar Nasional Pakar.
4. Bird, R., & Davis-Nozemack, K. (2018). Tax Avoidance as a Sustainability Problem. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(4), 1009–1025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3162-2
5. Budhi, N., Dharma, S., & Noviari, N. (2017). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility Dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Tax Avoidance (Vol. 18). www.bps.go.id
6. Budiman, J., & Setiyono, S. (2012). Pengaruh Karakter Eksekutif Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance). Retrieved from: http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/home/detail_pencarian/54398
7. Dewinta, I. A. R., & Setiawan, P. E. (2016). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, umur perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, dan pertumbuhan penjualan terhadap tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 14(3), 1584–1613.
8. Dwiyanti, I. A. I., & Jati, I. K. (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, dan Inventory Intensity pada Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 2293. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v27.i03.p24
9. Fauzan, F., Ayu Wardan, D., & Nissa Nurharjanti, N. (2019). The Effect of Audit Committee, Leverage, Return on Assets, Company Size, and Sales Growth on Tax Avoidance. JURNAL Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 4(3).
10. Frank, M. M., Lynch, L. J., & Rego, S. O. (2009). Tax Reporting Aggressiveness and Its Relation to Aggressive Financial Reporting. The Accounting Review, 84(2), 467–496. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2009.84.2.467
11. Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2–3), 127–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002
12. Hanlon, M., & Slemrod, J. (2009). What does tax aggressiveness signal? Evidence from stock price reactions to news about tax shelter involvement. Journal of Public Economics, 93(1–2), 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.09.004
13. Hidayat, W. W. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Studi Kasus Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB), 3(1), 19–26.
14. Januari, D. M. D., & Suardikha, I. M. S. (2019). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Sales Growth, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Tax Avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 1653. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v27.i03.p01
15. Jin, X. (2021). Corporate tax aggressiveness and capital structure decisions: Evidence from China. International Review of Economics and Finance, 75, 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.04.008
16. Kim, J. H., & Im, C. C. (2016). Corporate Tax Avoidance in SME: The Effect of Listing. International Journal of U- and e- Service, Science and Technology, 9(6), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2016.9.6.26
17. Laguir, I., Staglianò, R., & Elbaz, J. (2015). Does corporate social responsibility affect corporate tax aggressiveness? Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 662–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.059
18. Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: a test of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(1), 75–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571311285621
19. Marfiana, A., Praka, Y., Putra, M., Keuangan, P., Stan, N., & Id, A. M. A. (2021). The Effect of Employee Benefit Liabilities, Sales Growth, Capital Intensity, and Earning Management on Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Manajemen STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 7(1).
20. Meilina, S., & Sugiyarti2, P. L. (2017). Pengaruh Intensitas Aset Tetap, Pertumbuhan Penjualan dan Koneksi Politik Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 5(3), 1625–1642. https://doi.org/10.17509/jrak.v5i3.9225
21. Ningrum, E. M., Samrotun, Y. C., & Fajri, R. N. (2019). Tax Avoidance Ditinjau Dari Corporate Governance Pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate. In Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta Jl. Agus Salim (Vol. 5, Issue 2).
22. Novitasari, S. (2016). Pengaruh manajemen laba, corporate governance, dan intensitas modalterhadap agresivitas pajak perusahaan (studi empiris pada perusahaan property dan real estate yang terdaftar di BEI periode tahun 2010-2014). Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi, 4(1), 1901–1914.
23. Nugraha, M. I., & Mulyani, S. D. (2019). Peran Leverage Sebagai Pemediasi Pengaruh Karakter Eksekutif, Kompensasi Eksekutif, Capital Intensity, Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 6(2), 301. https://doi.org/10.25105/jat.v6i2.5575
24. Oktaviyani, R., & Munandar, A. (2017). Effect of Solvency, Sales Growth, and Institutional Ownership on Tax Avoidance with Profitability as Moderating Variables in Indonesian Property and Real Estate Companies. Binus Business Review, 8(3), 183. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v8i3.3622
25. Permata, A. D., Nurlaela, S., & Wahyuningsih, E. M. (2018). Pengaruh Size, Age, Profitability, Leverage dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pajak, 19(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.29040/jap.v19i1.171
26. Purwanto, P., & Indrawan, R. (2020). The Determinants of Tax Evasion in Directorate General of Customs and Excise Jakarta. www.cnbcindonesia.com
27. Rahma, A. A., Pratiwi, N., Mary, H., & Indriyenni, I. (2022). Pengaruh Capital Intensity, Karakteristik Perusahaan, Dan CSR Disclosure Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. Owner, 6(1), 677–689. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.637
28. Ruan, J., Yan, Z., Dong, B., Zheng, Q., & Qian, B. (2019). Identifying suspicious groups of affiliated-transaction-based tax evasion in big data. Information Sciences, 477, 508–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2018.11.008
29. Sangata Ramadhani, W., & Nur Triyanto, D. (2020). Pengaruh Hedging, Financial Lease dan Sales Growth terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation Article History, 5(1).
30. Seralurin, Y. C., & Ermawati, Y. (2019). Influence of self-assessment system, taxation understanding, and discrimination toward ethics of tax evasion. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(5), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n5.745
31. Slemrod, J. (2004). The Economics of Corporate Tax Selfishness. National Tax Journal, 57(4), 877–899. https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2004.4.06
32. Sonia, S., & Suparmun, H. (2019). Factors Influencing Tax Avoidance.
33. Swingly, C., & Sukartha, I. M. (2015). Pengaruh Karakter Eksekutif, Komite Audit, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Sales growth Pada Tax Avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 10(1), 47–62.
34. Weston, J. F., Brigham, E. F., & Khalid, A. Q. (1991). Essentials of Managerial Finance. Jakarta: Erlangga.
35. Windaswari, K. A., & Merkusiwati, N. K. L. A. (2018). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Capital Intensity, Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan Pada Agresivitas Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 1980. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2018.v23.i03.p14
36. Wulandari, T. R., & Purnomo, L. J. (2021). Ukuran Perusahaan, Umur Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 21(1), 102–115.
37. Zulaikha, H. R. H. (2013). Pengaruh Karakteristik Corporate Governance Terhadap Effective Tax Rate (Studi Empiris pada BUMN Yang Terdaftar di BEI 2009-2011). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 2(2), 1–10.
Published
2025-01-06
How to Cite
Syahrani, A. P. A., & Fathoni, M. I. (2025). The Influence of Sales Growth and Capital Intensity on Tax Aggressiveness. International Journal of Science and Society, 7(1), 42-59. Retrieved from https://ijsoc.goacademica.com/index.php/ijsoc/article/view/1358
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