Analysis of Digital Maturity Aspects in Hospitals: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Hospitals must continuously evolve in response to dynamic environments and rapidly changing demands. Digital transformation plays a pivotal role in reducing costs, increasing speed and transparency, and enhancing productivity and efficiency; however, it simultaneously introduces substantial organizational risks. Frameworks and tools are therefore essential to support organizations in navigating such profound transitions. Digital maturity assessment constitutes a critical preliminary stage for any digital transformation initiative, enabling both public and private healthcare institutions to determine their level of digital maturity and establish a foundation for subsequent transformation efforts. This study aims to identify and describe the dimensions applied in digital maturity assessments within hospitals. The research employed a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed publications from 2020 to 2024, examining maturity models designed to evaluate hospital digital maturity. A total of 29 relevant articles were reviewed, synthesizing 27 distinct maturity models. The articles were subjected to inductive analysis, through which the dimensions of maturity models were extracted and synthesized into a comprehensive digital maturity framework. The findings revealed a digital maturity framework consisting of seven dimensions: strategy, information technology capabilities, interoperability, governance and management, patient-centered care, human resource skills and behaviors, and data analytics. Each of these seven dimensions can be assessed through 24 specific indicators. The study concludes that the proposed digital maturity framework can serve as an evaluative tool for assessing hospital digital maturity and identifying critical areas for improvement.
References
Bassi, J., & Lau, F. (2013). Measuring value for money: a scoping review on economic evaluation of health information systems. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(4), 792-801.
Bodenheimer, T., & Sinsky, C. (2014). From triple to quadruple aim: care of the patient requires care of the provider. The Annals of Family Medicine, 12(6), 573-576.
Carvalho, J. V., Rocha, Á., & Abreu, A. (2016). Maturity models of healthcare information systems and technologies: a literature review. Journal of medical systems, 40(6), 131.
Carvalho, J. V., Rocha, Á., & Abreu, A. (2019). Maturity assessment methodology for HISMM-hospital information system maturity model. Journal of medical systems, 43(2), 35.
Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A., Krasuska, M., Heeney, C., Franklin, B. D., Lane, W., ... & Williams, R. (2019). Reconceptualising the digital maturity of health systems. The Lancet Digital Health, 1(5), e200-e201.
Eden, R., Burton-Jones, A., Casey, V., & Draheim, M. (2019). Digital transformation requires workforce transformation. MIS Quarterly Executive, 18(1), 1-17.
Eden, R., Burton-Jones, A., Scott, I., Staib, A., & Sullivan, C. (2017). The impacts of eHealth upon hospital practice: synthesis of the current literature (Deeble Institute Evidence Brief, Number 16).
Eden, R., Burton-Jones, A., Scott, I., Staib, A., & Sullivan, C. (2018). Effects of eHealth on hospital practice: synthesis of the current literature. Australian Health Review, 42(5), 568-578.
Eden, R., Burton-Jones, A., Grant, J., Collins, R., Staib, A., & Sullivan, C. (2019). Digitising an Australian university hospital: qualitative analysis of staff-reported impacts. Australian Health Review, 44(5), 677-689.
Gomes, J., & Romão, M. (2018). Information system maturity models in healthcare. Journal of medical systems, 42(12), 235.
Klecun, E. (2016). Transforming healthcare: policy discourses of IT and patient-centred care. European Journal of Information Systems, 25(1), 64-76.
Kolukısa Tarhan, A., Garousi, V., Turetken, O., Söylemez, M., & Garossi, S. (2020). Maturity assessment and maturity models in health care: A multivocal literature review. Digital health, 6, 2055207620914772.
Krasuska, M., Williams, R., Sheikh, A., Franklin, B. D., Heeney, C., Lane, W., ... & Cresswell, K. (2020). Technological capabilities to assess digital excellence in hospitals in high performing health care systems: international eDelphi exercise. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(8), e17022.
Krey, M. (2016, October). Key challenges to enabling IT in healthcare. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI) (pp. 328-333). IEEE.
Martin, G., Clarke, J., Liew, F., Arora, S., King, D., Aylin, P., & Darzi, A. (2019). Evaluating the impact of organisational digital maturity on clinical outcomes in secondary care in England. NPJ digital medicine, 2(1), 41.
Mettler, T., & Pinto, R. (2018). Evolutionary paths and influencing factors towards digital maturity: An analysis of the status quo in Swiss hospitals. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 133, 104-117.
Rahimi, K. (2019). Digital health and the elusive quest for cost savings. The Lancet Digital Health, 1(3), e108-e109.
Zheng, K., Abraham, J., Novak, L. L., Reynolds, T. L., & Gettinger, A. (2016). A survey of the literature on unintended consequences associated with health information technology: 2014–2015. Yearbook of medical informatics, 25(01), 13-29.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Science and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
.jpg)
.png)
.png)
.png)
.png)
1.png)
.jpg)
-modified.png)
-modified.png)
-modified.png)
