International Journal of Science and Society

Implementation of Budget Efficiency Policy in Realizing Good Governance at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency

Surya Ahmad Maulani — 2026-01-09

This study aims to analyze the implementation of budget efficiency policies at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency based on Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 2025 and Regent Circular Number 100.3.4.2/810-BPKAD. This research is significant as budget efficiency is the main part of efforts to realize good governance and a response to increasingly complex national fiscal challenges. A qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the processes, strategies, and challenges involved in implementing efficiency policies within the local government environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, direct observation of organizational activities, and review of relevant official documents. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, along with source and method triangulation to ensure the validity and reliability of findings. The results indicate that the policy implementation was formally carried out through budget adjustments, restrictions on operational expenditures, and postponement or cancellation of non-priority activities. However, structural challenges such as limited human and financial resources and cultural challenges such as resistance from some government officials were encountered. Key supporting factors for implementation included effective communication, leadership commitment, and inter-unit coordination. This study recommends that future efficiency policies adopt a more adaptive, participatory, and performance-based approach to enhance policy effectiveness and sustainability.

DPRD Recess Fund Regulation and Government Governance Problems: A Literature Study on Policy Effectiveness and Its Challenges

Auliya Hanidatul Masdiah — 2026-01-10

The DPRD recess fund is an important instrument for strengthening political representation and accommodating public aspirations. However, its effectiveness is highly dependent on the quality of regulation and the implementation of good governance principles. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing DPRD recess funds, examine governance-related problems in their implementation, and assess their effectiveness in enhancing political representation and accountability. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature study approach, utilizing secondary data obtained from laws and regulations, books, and scholarly journals. The findings indicate that the implementation of DPRD recess activities has not fully reflected good governance principles, as evidenced by low public participation, weak transparency and accountability, and suboptimal responsiveness of DPRD members in following up on public aspirations. Furthermore, existing regulations still contain weaknesses in regulating fund utilization and sanctions, which create opportunities for misuse.

The Effect of Competency, Organizational Commitment, Work Environment, and Motivation on Employee Productivity

Tetti Sartika Samosir — 2026-01-12

The purpose of this research is to examine the connection between productivity and competence, organizational commitment, and the work environment, and to determine how work motivation moderates this relationship. A quantitative explanatory technique was used to conduct the study at PT XYZ in Bengkulu. With the use of purposive sample and proportionate stratification by division and work shift, 168 out of 287 operational personnel were chosen to participate in the survey. PLS-SEM using SmartPLS 4 was used to evaluate data received from a structured questionnaire that used a Likert scale. There is no statistically significant relationship between factor (X1), factor (X2), or factor (X3) and productivity, according to the data. In contrast, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between intrinsic drive at work and output. Furthermore, the correlation between factor (X1) and productivity is moderated by factor (Z), as is the correlation between factor (X3) and productivity. This means that when employees are highly motivated, a good factor (X3) and competent workers are more likely to result in increased productivity. On the other hand, the correlation between factor (X2) and productivity is unmodified by job motivation. A total of 26.7% of the variation in productivity across workers is explained by the model. In the context of car production, these results emphasize the importance of intrinsic motivation in maximizing the impact of both human and environmental factors on productivity.

The Capacity of Human Resources at the Bontang City DPRD Secretariat in Supporting the Legislative Function: An Analysis of Competencies and Bureaucratic Barriers

Mappaelo — 2026-01-14

This study aims to examine how bureaucratic competence and institutional constraints influence the effectiveness of legislative support provided by the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives of Bontang City in carrying out its legislative function. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design to capture empirical conditions related to the technical, managerial, and behavioral capacities of public officials, as well as structural and procedural obstacles within the organizational environment. The findings indicate that disparities in staff competencies, low educational qualifications, ineffective internal coordination, and rigid administrative procedures have hindered the timely provision of legislative support. In addition, limited technological facilities and a reactive work culture have reduced organizational responsiveness. The study concludes that enhancing the effectiveness of legislative support requires integrated efforts through strengthening staff capacity, simplifying bureaucratic procedures, improving coordination mechanisms, and reforming organizational work culture within the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives of Bontang City.

The Legal Construction of Criminal Liability of Sharia Bank Officials in Cases of Fictitious Credit as an Abuse of Authority and Breach of Official Trust: A Case Study of the Pangkalpinang District Court Decision Number 31/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN PGP

Fara Deni — 2026-01-23

This research aims to analyze the reasoning of judges in the Ruling of the Pangkalpinang District Court Number 31/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN PGP concerning fictitious financing cases in Islamic banking, positioning it within the spectrum between a formalistic approach and substantive justice. This research employs a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, analyzed qualitatively through tracing the ratio decidendi of the decisions and comparing them with doctrines of economic criminal law and banking law. The results indicate that the panel of judges has successfully proven the elements of corruption offenses normatively, particularly the abuse of authority and state financial losses; however, the reasoning applied remains predominantly formalistic. The main findings of this research reveal that judges have not deeply elaborated on the concepts of fiduciary duty, the trust of office, and substantive parameters for distinguishing between administrative errors and official crimes. The contribution of this research lies in the development of a more substantive judicial reasoning framework by integrating the principles of prudence, abuse of authority, and the specific characteristics of Islamic banking, thereby enabling criminal law to function proportionally as an instrument for protecting public interests and substantive justice.

Legal Protection for Fixed-Term Workers in the Drafting of an Employment Agreement

Zen Mutowali — 2026-01-23

Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu/PKWT) are widely used by companies to flexibly meet labor needs. However, in practice, PKWTs are often drafted with clauses that disadvantage workers, resulting in contractual injustice. This study aims to analyze the forms of government protection for workers under PKWT arrangements and the drafting of fair PKWT clauses. This research employs normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by legal protection theory, contract theory, and justice theory. The findings indicate that government protection is implemented through labor regulations, supervision, and industrial dispute resolution mechanisms. Nevertheless, such protection remains largely passive, as labor offices merely record PKWTs without reviewing the substance of their clauses. Meanwhile, fair PKWT drafting should reflect the principles of balance and good faith, which are often absent in practice. This study concludes that although legal instruments governing PKWT are comprehensive, there remains a significant gap between regulation and implementation. Strengthening supervision and law enforcement is therefore necessary to ensure contractual justice for workers.

Legal Analysis of the Principle of Legal Certainty in Tax Collection and Settlement in Indonesia

Hendy — 2026-01-23

Taxation is a fundamental source of state revenue and plays a crucial role in supporting national development. Consequently, tax collection must be based on legal principles that ensure justice, efficiency, and legal certainty. In practice, tax disputes frequently arise due to differences in the interpretation and application of tax regulations, as well as issues related to dispute resolution mechanisms. This study examines the implementation of the principle of legal certainty within Indonesia’s tax collection system and tax dispute resolution framework, and evaluates the extent to which tax legislation provides legal protection for both taxpayers and tax authorities. The research focuses on a tax dispute between PT MSJ (Mitra Sinar Sejahtera) and the Directorate General of Taxes concerning the issuance of a Tax Collection Letter. Using a normative juridical research method, this study analyzes relevant tax laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s tax collection and dispute resolution systems are formally grounded in the principle of legal certainty. Practical challenges persist, particularly inconsistencies in legal interpretation and discrepancies between statutory provisions and administrative practices, which may lead to tax disputes and weaken taxpayer confidence in the national tax system. Strengthening legal certainty in taxation requires regulatory harmonization, improved transparency in tax governance, and consistent law enforcement to ensure a fair and predictable tax system.

The Pangkalpinang District Court Decision: An Analysis of the Criminal Offense of Collecting Personal Data Without Permission

Editho Berilphizaldi — 2026-01-23

This study aims to analyze the application of Article 67 of Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection in cases of unauthorized collection and use of personal data for activating prepaid cards, as outlined in the decision of the Pangkalpinang District Court. The research identifies how the panel of judges assessed the defendant's actions in collecting personal data without consent and whether such actions violated the constitutional rights of the data subjects. Additionally, this study examines the roles and responsibilities of corporations and individuas involved in this case, and the legal consequences, both material and immaterial, for the personal data subjects. The findings of the study indicate that the criminal act of collecting personal data without permission can cause harm to individuas, highlighting the need for strict law enforcement to protect privacy rights in the digital age.

Molecular Detection of Leprosy: A Literature Review

Hersa Firda Kartika — 2026-01-23

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, which can lead to permanent damage to the skin, nerves, and tissues. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent further complications. Molecular technology has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the accuracy and speed of leprosy diagnosis. By employing techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and genetic analysis, bacterial DNA detection can be performed even at the early stages of infection, when clinical symptoms are not yet apparent. Additionally, this technology allows for the identification of different bacterial strains, providing insights into the epidemiology and transmission patterns of the disease. The application of molecular technology also has the potential to improve the monitoring of treatment effectiveness and resistance of therapy regiments. Although challenges remain in accessibility and implementation of this technology in countries with high prevalence, innovations in molecular diagnosis offer new hope for the control and eradication of leprosy globally. Further research and investment in healthcare infrastructure are essential to maximize the potential of this technology in the diagnosis and management of leprosy.

Governing Disinformation Through Preventive Digital Policing: Technology, Legitimacy, and Social Implications in Indonesia

Andhika Raka Nurizki — 2026-01-26

The rapid expansion of digital technologies and social media has intensified the spread of disinformation and hate speech, creating significant social and governance challenges. While existing studies largely focus on platform governance, algorithmic regulation, or coercive law enforcement, limited attention has been given to preventive digital policing as a form of technology-enabled social governance. This study examines how preventive digital policing is implemented by Indonesia’s Criminal Investigation Agency (Bareskrim Polri) in addressing disinformation and hate speech, with particular emphasis on legitimacy and public trust. Using an exploratory case study approach, this research relies on secondary data, including official institutional documents, policy reports, and peer-reviewed academic literature. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify patterns in technological adoption, preventive strategies, and institutional challenges. The findings show that Indonesia’s digital policing strategy prioritizes early detection through open-source intelligence (OSINT), multi-platform monitoring, and basic artificial intelligence tools, combined with non-coercive interventions such as digital warnings, online mediation, and public education initiatives. These measures emphasize persuasion and early intervention rather than punitive enforcement. However, the study also identifies key challenges related to technological limitations, regulatory ambiguity, institutional capacity, and public perceptions of surveillance and control. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of preventive digital policing depends less on technological sophistication than on transparency, procedural fairness, and societal acceptance. This study contributes to the science and society literature by reconceptualizing digital policing against disinformation as a legitimacy-dependent preventive governance mechanism, highlighting the interaction between technology, state authority, and social trust in a Global South context.

Analysis of the Need for Innovation in Agricultural Land Conversion Prevention Policies in Bengkulu City from a Regulatory Perspective

Ria Sari Putri — 2026-01-31

The conversion of agricultural land has become a strategic issue with direct implications for food security, particularly in urban areas experiencing rapid development and population growth. Bengkulu City, as a provincial capital, has also undergone intensive agricultural land conversion. However, to date, no specific local policy has been established to ensure the protection of sustainable food agricultural land. This study examines the role of local regulations in preventing agricultural land conversion while identifying the need for adaptive policy innovations aligned with the local characteristics of Bengkulu City. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, field observations in agricultural areas affected by land conversion, and document analysis of applicable local regulations. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman interactive model, reinforced by NVivo-assisted qualitative analysis to identify key themes and regulatory indicators. The findings reveal that the Bengkulu City Government currently relies on Local Regulation No. 4 of 2021 on the Regional Spatial Plan (2021-2041) concerning the Regional Spatial Plan as the primary instrument for controlling agricultural land conversion. Although this regulation normatively establishes spatial zoning, it has not effectively restrained agricultural land conversion due to the absence of specific provisions on the protection of sustainable food agricultural land. NVivo analysis identified three major regulatory indicators: regulations that support innovation, regulations that hinder innovation, and bureaucratic hierarchy. The lack of a specific regulation on Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection (LP2B), weak law enforcement, and complex cross-sectoral coordination are the main factors inhibiting policy innovation. This study concludes that ineffective control of agricultural land conversion in Bengkulu City is not caused by regulatory rigidity but by overreliance on general spatial planning policies without supporting technical and innovative derivative regulations. Therefore, this research recommends the formulation of a specific Local Regulation on Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection (LP2B) as an adaptive and integrated policy innovation.

An Analysis of MSME’s Understanding and Implementation of SAK EMKM from the Banten Cultural Perspective

Faishal Rachman Wahid — 2026-02-02

This study examines how prevailing cultural values and social norms in Serang City influence the understanding and implementation of the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) among MSMEs. Employing a qualitative research design, this study utilizes thematic analysis to explore behavioral patterns underlying accounting practices. Data were collected through a combination of direct and indirect interviews with MSME actors. The findings reveal three dominant themes affecting SAK EMKM implementation: the prevalence of a practical mindset in financial decision-making, status quo bias accompanied by resistance to change, and information asymmetry coupled with limited mental investment in accounting learning. From a theoretical perspective, this research contributes to the accounting literature by extending the discussion on SAK EMKM implementation through a behavioral accounting framework grounded in a mental accounting approach. Practically, the findings underscore the importance of developing policy frameworks and accounting assistance programs that are contextualized, culturally sensitive, and aligned with the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of MSME actors. The novelty of this study lies in its cultural perspective on SAK EMKM implementation, offering behavioral insights that enrich conventional compliance-based accounting approaches.

The Impact of Ethical Leadership on Employee Engagement Through Job Insecurity

Dedi Kurniawan — 2026-02-09

This research investigates how ethical leadership shapes employee engagement, with job insecurity examined as a possible mediating mechanism at Bank Syariah Indonesia KC Jakarta Fatmawati 2. 172 employees who were chosen by probability sampling were surveyed for the study using a quantitative explanatory design. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data, and SEM-PLS was used for analysis. Sound instruments are confirmed by the measurement model, which shows that all constructs meet reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity requirements. Structural results show ethical leadership exerts a strong, positive, and significant direct effect on employee engagement, implying that leaders who act with integrity, fairness, and transparency strengthen employees’ vigor, dedication, and involvement at work. In contrast, ethical leadership does not significantly predict job insecurity, and job insecurity does not significantly predict employee engagement. Nonetheless, bootstrapped mediation testing reveals a significant indirect effect of ethical leadership on engagement through job insecurity, consistent with an indirect-only mediation pattern. Overall, ethical leadership emerges as the primary driver of employee engagement, while job insecurity contributes a secondary, limited mediating pathway, underscoring the importance of reinforcing ethical leadership practices.

A Juridical Analysis of the Criminal Prosecution of Public Appraisers in Land Procurement for Public Interest Purposes: A Case Study of Court Decision Number 27/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN.Smr

Tri Setiyo Wicaksono — 2026-02-10

Legal disputes in land acquisition for public interest purposes frequently place public appraisers at risk of criminalization. This vulnerability is driven by two recurring factors: administrative shortcomings within valuation practice and the tendency of disputing parties to direct criminal allegations toward appraisers when they perceive disadvantage in the compensation process. Despite holding a central role in determining valuation opinions, appraisers often operate without a dedicated statutory framework that clearly delineates administrative liability, professional discipline, and criminal responsibility. This study analyzes a land acquisition case from its initial stages through the final adjudication to identify how appraisers become implicated in corruption-related proceedings and to map practical legal risk-mitigation measures. The research examines the applicable land acquisition and anti-corruption legal regimes using a normative juridical (descriptive-normative) method with a statute approach, along with relevant professional standards, to assess the proper construction of actus reus and mens rea in relation to valuation work. The study argues that where alleged misconduct reflects procedural or administrative noncompliance, accountability should prioritize professional and administrative mechanisms, while criminal punishment should be reserved for situations involving demonstrable intent. The findings support stronger legal safeguards for appraisers, including clearer statutory guidance, reinforced professional oversight, and improved documentation and process controls within valuation assignments.

An Analysis of Legal Protection for Consumers in Relation to Predatory Pricing Practices by PT Conch South Kalimantan Cement: A Case Study of Supreme Court Decision No. 951 K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2021

Hana Muthiah — 2026-02-10

This study analyzes the legal protection afforded to consumers in relation to predatory pricing practices carried out by PT Conch South Kalimantan Cement, as examined in Supreme Court Decision No. 951 K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2021. Predatory pricing as an unfair pricing strategy not only disrupts fair business competition but also creates long-term negative effects for consumers, including reduced market choices, the risk of monopolization, and the loss of their rights to fair prices, product quality, and sustainable supply. The research employs a normative juridical method with a case approach, drawing upon judicial decisions, Law No. 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, and relevant consumer protection regulations. The findings indicate that PT Conch’s conduct meets the legal criteria for predatory pricing, resulting in adverse impacts on market dynamics and consumer welfare. The Supreme Court’s ruling upholds KPPU’s findings and underscores the role of competition law enforcement as an indirect mechanism for consumer protection. This study concludes that safeguarding consumers from predatory pricing requires not only price monitoring but also consistent enforcement of competition law to ensure a healthy, competitive market structure that supports the fulfillment of consumer rights.

The Influence of Leadership Style and Work Loyalty on Employee Performance with Organizational Culture as a Moderating Variable at PT Smart Retail Perkasa

Andry Sutio — 2026-02-12

Employee performance tends to improve alongside higher-quality leadership and stronger work loyalty. Positive and significant regression coefficients indicate that both variables are key determinants of performance. A strong organizational culture further reinforces these relationships, highlighting the alignment between leadership practices, employee attitudes, and organizational values in enhancing work outcomes, while also offering practical guidance for retail management. This study aims to examine the influence of leadership style and work loyalty on employee performance, with organizational culture serving as a moderating variable at PT Smart Retail Perkasa. The research employs a causal quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaire distribution to employees and analyzed using multiple linear regression and moderation analysis with bootstrapping techniques to statistically verify the relationships among variables. The findings reveal that leadership style has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (t = 2.628; p = 0.009). Similarly, work loyalty demonstrates a positive and significant influence on performance (t = 2.586; p = 0.010). Organizational culture not only directly affects employee performance but also strengthens the effect of leadership style on performance (t = 3.401; p = 0.001) and amplifies the influence of work loyalty on performance (t = 2.760; p = 0.006). These results indicate that employee performance increases when effective leadership and high work loyalty are supported by a strong organizational culture. This study confirms that employee performance is shaped by leadership style and work loyalty, with organizational culture acting as a reinforcing factor. Therefore, improving performance requires the integration of effective leadership, strong employee loyalty, and a cohesive organizational culture.

Criminal Liability of a Juvenile Offender in Sexual Violence Resulting in Reproductive Organ Injury to the Victim

Novia Safitri Berliansari — 2026-02-14

This study examines juvenile criminal liability and judicial reasoning in Decision No. 12/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN Sbw through the lens of proportional justice. Employing normative (doctrinal) legal research, the study applies statutory, conceptual, and case approaches by analyzing the applicable legal framework on juvenile justice and sexual violence, relevant criminal law doctrines on liability and causation, and the structure of the court’s reasoning. The findings show that the elements of criminal liability were established covering the actus reus, mens rea, accountability, and the causal nexus between the conduct and the victim’s injury, and yet the sentencing rationale largely centered on the offender’s status as a child under the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. As a result, the judgment did not sufficiently articulate the victim’s severe reproductive harm as a decisive aggravating factor for proportional sentencing. This study argues for more robust and transparent judicial reasoning that integrates juvenile justice principles with victim-protection mandates, including a harmonized reading of the juvenile justice regime and the sexual violence legal framework, to secure a substantively fair balance between child protection and victims’ rights.

Self-Medication-Induced Exanthematous Drug Eruption in A 19-Year-Old Male with Uncomplicated Gonococcal Urethritis

Ersi Dwi Utami Siregar — 2026-02-25

Improper self-medication, especially with antibiotics, continues to be a major cause of skin reactions to drugs. Unprotected sexual activity in young adults elevates the risk of sexually transmitted infections, including gonococcal urethritis, which may be exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic usage. A 19-year-old male presented with a two-day history of pruritic erythematous eruptions involving the trunk. The patient had self-administered cotrimoxazole 480 mg for purulent urethral discharge and dysuria prior to presentation. He reported his first sexual encounter with a commercial sex worker following peer influence, without condom, and disclosed a background of family instability. Dermatological examination revealed multiple erythematous macules on the chest, abdomen, and back. Venereological examination demonstrated mild erythema of the external urethral meatus with mucopurulent discharge. Microscopic examination of urethral secretions identified intracellular gram-negative diplococci. A diagnosis of exanthematous-type allergic drug eruption secondary to cotrimoxazole and non-complicated gonococcal urethritis was established. The patient was treated with a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone 250 mg, a single oral dose of azithromycin 1 g, and intravenous dexamethasone 5 mg three times daily for three days. Marked clinical improvement was observed after four days of hospitalization, with resolution of cutaneous lesions and negative follow-up urethral smear. This case underscores the dermatological and venereological consequences of antibiotic misuse in young adults and highlights the importance of early recognition of drug eruptions, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and comprehensive sexual history assessment.

The Role of Criminal Law in Providing Restitution for Victims of Money Laundering: Problems and Prospects

Antonius P. S. Wibowo — 2026-03-04

This article examines the role of criminal law in granting restitution to victims of Money Laundering offenses within Indonesia’s criminal justice system, focusing on implementation challenges and future prospects under recent legal reforms. Although restitution is legally recognized as a victim’s right, its realization has been significantly delayed, as reflected in finalized court decisions in the Indosurya and Viralblast cases, where restitution has not yet been effectively distributed. This study analyzes juridical and institutional factors contributing to these delays and evaluates prospects for strengthening restitution enforcement under Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code and Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code. Using a normative-conceptual legal approach based on statutory regulations, court judgments, and Lawrence Friedman's legal system theory, the study identifies weak coordination between law enforcement authorities and the Witness and Victim Protection Agency, as well as the absence of clear coordination mechanisms in the previous procedural framework, as central obstacles. The findings indicate that recognizing restitution as an additional penalty and introducing coordination provisions in the new procedural regime provide a stronger normative basis for enforcement. The article concludes that effective restitution depends on harmonizing legal substance, institutional structure, and legal culture.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Project-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Skills: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Elementary School

Nida Khairiyah Nur Ramadhani — 2026-03-13

This study aims to determine the influence of the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on grade IV students' critical thinking abilities in science subjects at SDN Gentan. This study uses a post-test only control group design. The subjects of this study consisted of two groups: an experimental class that received an AI-based PjBL learning model and a control class that received a non-AI-based PjBL learning model. The instruments used in the study included multiple-choice tests to measure critical thinking skills and validated, reliable questionnaires. Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test after meeting the prerequisite test. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes, with a p-value of 0.003 (< 0,05), indicating that AI-based PjBL significantly improved students' critical thinking skills.

The Influence of Learning Motivation, Teachers’ Instructional Strategies, and Learning Environment on Junior High School Students’ Writing and Speaking Skills

Siti Nafiyah — 2026-03-18

The development of writing and speaking skills remains a major challenge in junior high school English education, particularly in contexts where students demonstrate varying levels of motivation, instructional exposure, and classroom support. Productive language skills require not only internal readiness but also effective pedagogical strategies and a conducive learning environment. This study aims to analyze the influence of learning motivation, teachers’ instructional strategies, and learning environment on junior high school students’ writing and speaking skills at SMPN 2 Sedati Sidoarjo. The research employed a quantitative explanatory design using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. A total of 120 eighth-grade students participated in the survey through proportional random sampling. The findings reveal that teachers’ instructional strategies and learning environment have significant positive effects on writing and speaking skills, whereas learning motivation does not show a significant direct influence. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power in predicting students’ productive English competence. These results highlight the importance of pedagogical quality and supportive classroom climate in strengthening students’ communicative performance.

Career Nomadism as a New Social Identity: A Phenomenological Study of Generation Z in Denpasar and Badung

I Komang Bagus Krisna Bhaskara — 2026-03-31

This study examines how career nomadism is interpreted and experienced by Generation Z workers in Denpasar and Badung, Bali, with particular attention to its role in shaping identity within non-linear career trajectories. Employing a qualitative design, this research adopts Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore participant’s lived experiences and subjective meaning-making. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with ten Generation Z workers who had undergone repeated cross-role or cross-sector career transitions. The findings reveal three interrelated themes: autonomy-seeking as career agency, uncertainty negotiation through competence formation, and relational validation in identity construction. Career mobility is not perceived as instability but as a reflective and adaptive strategy through which individuals maintain agency, develop competencies, and align work with personal values. Autonomy emerges as the primary motivational anchor, while competence and relatedness function as enabling and stabilizing forces that sustain professional legitimacy. Within the socio-cultural context of Denpasar and Badung, career nomadism is continuously negotiated against norms privileging stable employment, positioning it as an emerging form of social identity. By integrating Identity Work Theory and Self-Determination Theory, this study offers a nuanced understanding of how motivational and relational dynamics sustain non-linear career pathways.

When Psoriasis Is Not Psoriasis: Tinea Incognito Induced by Long-Term Steroid Abuse

Ersi Dwi Utami — 2026-04-16

Background: Tinea incognito is a dermatophyte infection with atypical clinical features caused by inappropriate use of topical or systemic corticosteroids. It often mimics other dermatoses, particularly psoriasis, leading to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate management. Misuse of steroids may mask inflammation while allowing fungal proliferation and dissemination. Case Presentation: A 60-year-old male farmer presented with a two-week history of pruritic, thick, scaly erythematous plaques involving the chest, abdomen, back, and upper arms, accompanied by fever, myalgia, and malaise. Initially, the patient noticed mildly pruritic erythematous patches one month prior and self-treated with topical dexamethasone, resulting in temporary relief but progressive worsening. He also reported long-term oral dexamethasone use (0.5 mg daily for 10 years). Lesions evolved into widespread plaques with thick scales and pustules, clinically resembling pustular psoriasis. KOH examination of skin scrapings revealed long septate hyphae, confirming dermatophytosis, while Gram staining was negative for bacteria. Laboratory findings were unremarkable. The diagnosis of extensive tinea incognito with concurrent viral infection was established. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole (200 mg/day) and topical ketoconazole for four weeks, showing significant clinical improvement by the third week. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering tinea incognito in steroid-modified dermatoses mimicking psoriasis. Early mycological examination is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate steroid use. Rational antifungal therapy leads to favorable outcomes.

Keywords: tinea incognito; corticosteroid abuse; psoriasis mimicry; dermatophytosis

The Effect of Party Identification (Party-ID) on Split Ticket Voting (STV) in the 2019 Simultaneous Elections in West Sumatra

Pangi Syarwi — 2026-04-17

This study examines the effect of party identification (party-ID) on split-ticket voting behavior in the 2019 Simultaneous Presidential and Legislative Elections in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Split-ticket voting refers to the behavior of voters who split their choices between a political party in the legislative election and a presidential candidate from a different coalition in the executive election. Using a quantitative approach based on a field survey of 800 respondents, the findings reveal a significant negative relationship between party-ID and split-ticket voting. The stronger the voter’s identification with a particular party, the lower the likelihood of engaging in vote-splitting. These results align with the classic theory proposed in The American Voter and underscore the role of partisan affiliation as a key determinant of voting behavior. The study also highlights the contextual dynamics of Indonesia’s multiparty system, where weak party-ID contributes to the rise of pragmatic and candidate-centered voting patterns.

Reconstructing the Meaning of Terrorism in Political Communication: Ideology and Legitimation Strategies of Islamic Political Parties

Atjih Sukaesih — 2026-04-20

This study investigates how elite actors within Islamic political parties in Indonesia construct and articulate the meaning of terrorism in relation to ideology and electoral strategy. Employing a qualitative constructivist approach, the research draws on semi-structured interviews and party documents to explore the production of political narratives. The findings reveal two dominant tendencies. Moderate Islamic parties define terrorism as individual criminal behavior detached from religious identity and emphasize constitutional commitment and national stability. In contrast, conservative Islamic parties interpret terrorism within broader structural injustices and socio-political dynamics, while still rejecting violence as a legitimate political method. These differing constructions shape framing strategies, deradicalization approaches, and political positioning in democratic competition. The study highlights that terrorism operates not only as a security issue but also as a strategic instrument for political legitimacy and identity differentiation.

Systematic Literature Review: Pain Detection in Infants Using Machine Learning

Fajar Adhitya Kamal — 2026-04-24

Detecting pain in infants is a significant challenge in the medical field because infants are unable to verbally express pain, meaning healthcare professionals must rely on subjective observations of behaviour and physiological responses. With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology, various studies have developed automated systems based on machine learning to detect pain through the analysis of facial expressions, crying sounds, and physiological signals such as heart rate and Electrodermal Activity (EDA). This study aims to identify the developments, methods, and technological trends in pain detection in infants through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The research process followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with data sources from Google Scholar, Scopus, Crossref, and OpenAlex covering the period 2015–2025. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 relevant studies were identified for analysis. The analysis covered data types, Machine Learning methods, and quality assessment using the GRADE approach. The results of the review indicate that the most commonly used algorithms are Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). Overall, the application of Machine Learning shows great potential in improving the objectivity and accuracy of pain detection in infants, although further research is still required to develop a more optimal and clinically applicable system.

Integration of Local Wisdom and Collaborative Governance in Tegal Harum Village, Denpasar City

Ni Made Rosita Dewi — 2026-04-24

The Transformation of village governance after the enactment of Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 in respect of Villages has opened up space for strengthening village autonomy and encouraging the implementation of Good Governance principles at the local level. In this context, the Collaborative Governance approach is a relevant conceptual framework for examining multi-actor involvement in the public decision-making process in a participatory, responsive, and inclusive manner. This study seeks to analyze how Collaborative Governance practices are carried out in the governance of Tegal Harum Village, as well as how the manner in which local Tri Hita Karana values are incorporated into the collaborative process among the village government, traditional villages, communities, and the private sectors. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, literature review, and document analysis. The informant determination technique used is purposive sampling consisting of representatives of the village government, traditional villages, communities, and the private sector. This research is expected to show the collaboration carried out in the governance of Tegal Harum Village, as well as the integration of local Tri Hita Karana values in the collaborative process between the village government, traditional village, community, and private sector.

Strengthening the Foundations of Nationalism in the Digital Era: Threats, Challenges, and Indonesia's Strategy Towards 2045

Rachmat Setiawibawa — 2026-04-27

The development of the digital era has had a significant impact on Indonesia's social, economic, and national defense structures. Digitalization has accelerated the flow of information while simultaneously introducing a new spectrum of threats, from disinformation and cyberwarfare to ideological infiltration that have the potential to undermine the foundations of the nation. In the context of moving towards a Golden Indonesia 2045, an adaptive defense strategy is needed, particularly in the land defense dimension as the vanguard of the overall defense system. This study aims to analyze strategic threats and challenges in the digital era and formulate a relevant land defense strategy to strengthen national resilience and national identity. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with an analysis of strategic literature and national defense policy. The study results indicate that land defense plays a crucial role in maintaining territorial stability, strengthening nationalist values, and empowering communities as reserve and support components. The land defense strategy needs to be directed at three main aspects: (1) digital transformation in the command and control system; (2) increasing personnel capacity through digital literacy and ideological awareness; and (3) strengthening synergy between the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), regional governments, and the community in maintaining land sovereignty amidst global dynamics. Thus, strengthening the foundations of nationalism in the digital era depends not only on technological advancements but also on a robust, intelligent land defense preparedness rooted in national values. This approach provides a strategic foundation for Indonesia in facing complex threats toward its ambitious vision of Golden Indonesia 2045.