International Journal of Science and Society

The ASEAN Way and Regional Environmental Cooperation: Explaining Forest Climate Policies in Southeast Asia

2026-08-03T05:36:10+00:00

Climate change and accelerating deforestation have intensified the need for regional cooperation to address forest-related environmental challenges in Southeast Asia. As one of the world's most forest-rich regions, Southeast Asia has witnessed the development of various regional initiatives and policy frameworks that seek to strengthen cooperation on forest conservation and climate change mitigation. Limited attention has been given to the role of the ASEAN Way as a normative foundation that shapes the development of regional forest climate policies. This study aims to explain how the principles of the ASEAN Way influence regional environmental cooperation in the formulation of forest climate policies in Southeast Asia. Employing a qualitative research design, the study uses document analysis of ASEAN declarations, regional agreements, strategic plans, policy frameworks, and relevant academic literature. The ASEAN Way guides the analysis as an informal regional institution characterized by consensus, consultation, non-interference, respect for sovereignty, and informality. The findings suggest that these principles have significantly influenced the development of regional environmental cooperation by promoting consensus-based decision-making, voluntary commitments, and flexible institutional arrangements in the formulation of forest climate policies. This article contributes to the International Relations literature by demonstrating how regional norms shape environmental cooperation and influence regional policy development, thereby providing a normative and institutional explanation for the emergence and characteristics of forest climate policies in Southeast Asia.

Restructuring the Business Model of Smallholder Oil Palm Plantations in Forest Areas of Central Kalimantan Province: An Integration of Pestel-Porter Diagnostics and Social Forestry Solutions

2026-08-01T05:03:06+00:00

This study aims to diagnose the vulnerability of the smallholder palm oil business model in the forest areas of Central Kalimantan Province and formulate its restructuring strategy through the Social Forestry policy. The land overlap issue covering 179,258 hectares places smallholders at high legal and economic risks following the enactment of the Job Creation Law (UU Cipta Kerja). The research method used is descriptive qualitative through an integrative approach using the Business Model Canvas (BMC), PESTEL, and Porter’s Five Forces frameworks. The diagnostic results reveal that the existing business model is highly vulnerable due to macro-regulatory constraints and the smallholders' weak bargaining power against informal markets. As a public governance solution, the Social Forestry policy through the Jangka Benah (transition period) scheme is capable of restructuring the elements of the smallholders' BMC blocks. This transformation alters the Key Resources aspect through long-term land utilization legality, improves Key Partnerships by eliminating middlemen, enhances the bargaining power of the product's Value Proposition, and realizes a sustainable, traceable, and legally compliant smallholder palm oil business model.

Massive Intraoperative Hypercarbia and Subcutaneous Emphysema in a Geriatric Patient with Cardiorespiratory Comorbidities Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Case Report

2026-08-03T05:35:25+00:00

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in geriatric patients imposes risk due to carbon dioxide (CO₂), especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. This report presents a 87 years old female with body mass index (BMI) of 17.09 kg/m² undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to gallbladder empyema. Patient had history of biliary sepsis, cardiomegaly, atelectasis of left lung apex, and chronic kidney disease. Severe inflammation of gallbladder necessitated higher pneumoperitoneum pressure up to 17 mmHg to facilitate visibility. The elevated intra-abdominal pressure combined with poor tissue turgor triggered extensive subcutaneous emphysema and massive hypercarbia, indicated by a surge in End-Tidal CO₂ (ETCO₂) reaching >70 mmHg, whereas arterial blood gas analysis revealed a PaCO₂ of 45 mmHg. This gradient anomaly occurred without an accompanying tachycardic response or oxygen desaturation. Temporary cessation of insufflation successfully stabilized the patient clinically. This case highlights the importance of vigilance regarding weak fascial turgor in underweight geriatric patients subjected to high intra-abdominal pressure, the impairment of CO₂ elimination due to atelectasis, and the crucial role of implementing multimodal analgesia with regional anesthesia techniques to prevent postoperative hypoventilation caused by opioid administration.

Archaeology of Conflict in Tanah Rejang: A Comparison of Indigenous and Colonial Defense Systems in Bengkulu in the 17th-19th Centuries

2026-08-03T05:35:24+00:00

Bengkulu occupied a strategic position where local trading powers, the international pepper trade, and European colonial rivalries converged from the seventeenth century onward, giving rise to two distinct fortification traditions: the indigenous Rejang kutai—bamboo-fenced settlements (reduai) integrated with the community's social-cosmological structure, and the colonial fortifications of the British East India Company (EIC): Fort York, Fort Marlborough, Fort Anna, and Fort Linau. This paper builds a comparative interpretive framework for these two fortification typologies within a conflict archaeology lens, while mapping existing data gaps. As a conceptual study, it employs a qualitative approach based on secondary data synthesis, prior excavation reports, colonial archives, and ethnographic studies without primary fieldwork. Findings indicate that the two systems represent distinct epistemologies of conflict space: the Rejang kutai reflects an organic, community-scale defensive logic embedded in the landscape, while EIC forts reflect a geometric, centralized logic responding to larger geopolitical threats. The study also reveals significant disparities in the preservation of the three colonial forts, Marlborough well-maintained, Anna damaged as symbolic rejection, and Linau physically vanished and mythologized, analyzed through memory archaeology and critical heritage studies. The paper contributes to broadening the scope of Indonesian conflict archaeology, long dominated by colonial fortification studies, and proposes a primary field research agenda for the physical remains of Rejang kutai.

In Vitro Reduction of Antifungal Azole Sensitivity in Malassezia spp. and Resistance Prevention Strategies

2026-08-03T05:35:23+00:00

Malassezia spp. are lipophilic yeasts that constitute part of the normal skin flora but are also implicated in various dermatological conditions, including pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, and folliculitis. In recent years, decreased in vitro antifungal susceptibility has been increasingly reported, potentially contributing to therapeutic failure and disease recurrence. Literature evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) patterns of azole agents and the molecular mechanisms of the decreased susceptibility in Malassezia spp. remains limited. Therefore, this literature review examines scientific articles related to the antifungal susceptibility of commonly used azoles against skin infections caused by Malassezia spp. Relevant publications were analyzed, focusing on in vitro studies, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, resistance mechanisms, and strategies for preventing antifungal resistance. Several studies demonstrate increased MIC values, particularly for azole antifungals such as fluconazole and ketoconazole. Fluconazole exhibited the highest MIC values (4 to >64 mg/L; MIC50 32 mg/L; MIC90 64 mg/L), whereas posaconazole showed the lowest (0.06–2 mg/L; MIC50 0.125 mg/L; MIC90 0.5 mg/L). Ketoconazole and itraconazole demonstrated relatively good antifungal activity, while amphotericin B showed moderate efficacy. Compared to Candida spp., Malassezia spp. generally exhibited higher MIC values, suggesting reduced susceptibility. Resistance mechanisms include ERG11 gene mutations, increased efflux pump activity, and biofilm formation. Decreased antifungal susceptibility in Malassezia spp. represents an emerging clinical concern with significant implications for treatment outcomes. Rational therapeutic approaches, including antifungal stewardship, susceptibility-guided therapy, and combination strategies, are essential to prevent resistance and improve clinical effectiveness.

Web-Based Decision Support Assistant for Sectoral Stock Technical Analysis Using Walk-Forward Analysis

2026-08-03T05:35:23+00:00

This study developed a web-based decision support assistant for sectoral stock technical analysis using Walk-Forward Analysis and Large Language Model-based explanations. The system was designed to identify the best-performing technical indicator for each sector based on historical out-of-sample evaluation and to present the results in an interpretable form. The study evaluated Moving Average Crossover, Moving Average Convergence Divergence, and Relative Strength Index using daily historical data from 40 stocks representing the Financial, Technology, Industrial, and Energy sectors on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The evaluation applied a fixed-length rolling scheme consisting of a six-month in-sample period, a three-month out-of-sample period, and a three-month window shift. Signal performance was assessed using Average Forward Return at T+1, T+3, T+5, and T+10 trading days, with Directional Accuracy as the primary metric. The results showed that Relative Strength Index achieved the highest observed out-of-sample performance in the Financial sector with a Directional Accuracy of 51.52%, while Moving Average Crossover achieved the highest performance in the Technology, Industrial, and Energy sectors with 50.00%, 57.14%, and 71.43%, respectively. The system presented sector-based indicator results, BUY, SELL, or HOLD signals, performance metrics, price visualizations, explanatory narratives, and PDF reports. All 20 predefined Black Box Testing scenarios were completed successfully, User Acceptance Testing achieved a success rate of 99.83%, and the System Usability Scale produced a score of 78.63, which was categorized as Good, Grade B+, and Acceptable. The findings indicate that technical indicator performance varies across sectors and evaluation periods, supporting the use of chronological out-of-sample validation in sector-specific technical analysis.

The Students’ Perceptions of Using Pictures Series and Video in Learning Narrative Text: A Questionnaire-Based Survey

2026-07-31T02:33:41+00:00

Writing is one of the fundamental language skills in English language learning, particularly for junior high school students, because it enables learners to express ideas, organize information, and produce various types of texts such as narrative, descriptive, recount, report, analytical exposition, hortatory exposition, and news item texts. In learning narrative texts, many students experience difficulties in understanding story structures, developing vocabulary, organizing ideas coherently, and maintaining motivation during classroom activities. Therefore, the integration of engaging instructional media, such as pictures series and videos, has become increasingly important to facilitate students' comprehension and participation in English learning. This study aims to investigate students' perceptions of using pictures series and video in learning the narrative text Beauty and the Beast. Specifically, it explores students' views regarding the effectiveness of these media in improving vocabulary acquisition, story comprehension, motivation, classroom engagement, idea organization, and the ability to retell narrative texts. This study employed a quantitative questionnaire-based survey design involving 51 eighth-grade students from classes 8A and 8D at SMP Al Furqan Jember. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through 12-item Questionnaire Based Survey using a four-point Likert scale consisting of Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviations, to describe students' overall perceptions toward the implementation of pictures series and video in English learning. The findings revealed that most students demonstrated positive perceptions toward the use of pictures series and video. They reported that these instructional media helped them learn new vocabulary, understand the storyline more clearly, organize ideas systematically, remain focused during lessons, participate more actively in classroom activities, and enjoy learning English. Furthermore, students perceived that the combination of visual and audiovisual media created a more meaningful and engaging learning environment, which supported their understanding of narrative texts and encouraged greater confidence in retelling stories. These findings suggest that integrating pictures series and video can serve as an effective instructional strategy to enhance students' learning experiences and foster positive attitudes toward English language learning, particularly in narrative text instruction.

Performance Management Systems and Employee Performance in Banking: Examining the Mediating Role of Performance Management System Effectiveness

2026-08-03T05:35:22+00:00

Performance management systems aim to align individual contributions with organizational objectives through goal setting, monitoring, coaching, feedback, evaluation, and development. However, formal implementation does not necessarily ensure system effectiveness or improved employee performance. This study examines the relationships among performance management system implementation, performance management system effectiveness, and employee performance among Consumer Relationship Officers at a bank. A quantitative approach involved 174 Consumer Relationship Officers as respondents and 63 Business Managers as performance evaluators. The officers assessed performance management system implementation and system effectiveness, while the managers independently evaluated employee performance. The proposed relationships were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Performance management system implementation comprised six stages: prerequisites, performance planning, performance execution, performance assessment, performance review, and performance renewal and recontracting. System effectiveness was measured through fairness, goal clarity, feedback, accuracy, and usefulness, while employee performance encompassed task, adaptive, contextual, and counterproductive work behavior. The results show that performance management system implementation positively and significantly affects both system effectiveness and employee performance. System effectiveness also positively and significantly influences employee performance and provides complementary partial mediation between system implementation and employee performance. These findings highlight the importance of moving beyond procedural compliance by ensuring that performance management practices promote fairness, clarity, credible feedback, accurate information, and practical value, supported by managerial evaluation for a more comprehensive assessment of employee performance.

Identification of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) Content in Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoeabatatas L.) Soaking Water Soaked Using Coconut Water Via Liebig-Deniges Argentometric Titration Method

2026-08-18T03:01:29+00:00

Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) contains cyanogenic glycosides that can potentially hydrolyze into hydrogen cyanide (HCN) upon tissue mechanical damage. This quantitative descriptive laboratory experimental study aimed to identify the presence and measure the concentration of HCN in sweet potato soaking water prepared with coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) at a 1:2 ratio for 12 hours after an 8-day storage period. Qualitative identification was performed using saturated picric acid paper (8% Na₂CO₃) heated at 60°C. Quantitative determination was conducted in triplicates (n=3) via Liebig-Deniges Argentometric Titration utilizing 0.01N AgNO₃ standard solution, 5% KI indicator, and 6 M NH₄OH alkaline medium. The qualitative test yielded a positive result (+), indicated by the color transition of picrate paper from yellow to reddish-brown due to isopurpuric complex formation. In the quantitative assay, the titration endpoint was marked by a persistent pale-yellow turbidity, requiring an average titrant volume of 1.37 mL (1.30 mL, 1.40 mL, and 1.42 mL). Based on Liebig–Deniges volumetric calculations, the average concentration of dissolved HCN in the soaking water was 7.43 mg/L (ppm). This study demonstrates that the Liebig–Deniges Argentometric method is highly sensitive, specific, and effective for HCN quantification in natural liquid matrices.

Policy Capacity and Governance Challenges in Indonesia’s MBG (Free Nutritious Meal) Program

2026-08-14T01:19:08+00:00

Indonesia’s MBG (Free Nutritious Meal) Program has emerged as a strategic national policy aimed at improving nutritional quality, reducing stunting prevalence, and strengthening human resource development through food-based social intervention. Despite its ambitious objectives, the implementation of the MBG Program continues to face various governance and policy capacity challenges across multiple administrative levels. This study aims to analyze the dimensions of policy capacity and governance challenges in the implementation of Indonesia’s MBG Program using a literature review approach. The study employs a qualitative literature review method by examining academic articles, government reports, policy documents, and previous studies related to public policy, policy capacity, nutrition governance, and food security programs. The analytical framework is based on the policy capacity model encompassing analytical, operational, and political capacities within public sector governance. The findings indicate that analytical capacity challenges are reflected in limited evidence-based policy formulation, weak data integration, and inadequate policy evaluation mechanisms. Operational capacity problems are associated with institutional readiness, logistical distribution, infrastructure limitations, and food safety management. In addition, political capacity challenges include policy coordination issues, stakeholder engagement gaps, budget sustainability concerns, and inconsistencies in governance support between central and local governments. The study further reveals that governance complexity significantly influences the effectiveness and sustainability of the MBG Program implementation in Indonesia. This article contributes to the literature on public policy and governance by providing a comprehensive analysis of policy capacity dimensions in large-scale nutrition intervention programs within developing countries. The study also offers strategic policy recommendations for strengthening institutional coordination, governance effectiveness, and sustainable policy implementation in Indonesia’s MBG Program.

The Role of the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency in Participatory Development Planning in Sindenreng Rappang Regency

2026-08-24T04:27:20+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of the role of the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency (BAPPERIDA) on the participatory development planning process in Sidenreng Rappang Regency and to examine its roles as facilitator, coordinator, director, and data manager in accommodating community aspirations. This study used a survey method and a quantitative approach with an explanatory research method. in Sipodeceng Village, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The population consisted of 4,022 individuals, with 98 responders chosen via simple random selection and Slovin's method. Likert scales were used to gather data questionnaires, observation, literature review, and documentation. Data analysis included validity, reliability, normality, and linearity tests, followed by Using SPSS, calculate the coefficient of determination, t-test, F-test, and simple linear regression. The findings show that participatory development planning is positively and significantly impacted by BAPPERIDA's role. With a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, the computed t-value was 18.277. The regression formula Y = -6.405 + 0.847X indicates that each one-unit increase in BAPPERIDA’s role increases participatory development planning by 0.847 units. The R² value of 0.777 shows that BAPPERIDA’s role contributes 77.7% to participatory development planning, while 22.3% is influenced by other factors. Thus, strengthening BAPPERIDA’s role is important for improving participatory, transparent, and accountable development planning.

Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Electronic Medical Record Implementation Success in Healthcare Organizations

2026-08-25T13:29:03+00:00

Electronic medical record (EMR) implementation frequently fails to achieve sustained adoption despite substantial investment. This systematic review and factor-specific meta-analysis synthesized evidence on determinants of EMR/EHR implementation success in healthcare organizations. A working corpus of 73 references was classified, while quantitative pooling was restricted to primary studies reporting compatible odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Random-effects models were computed in Python on the log-odds-ratio scale. Five studies contributed to knowledge and attitude syntheses and three to computer literacy/skills. Good knowledge was associated with higher readiness/adoption (pooled OR 2.42), favorable attitude showed a pooled OR of 2.13, and computer literacy/skills showed the largest pooled association (OR 3.03). Heterogeneity was low for knowledge and computer literacy/skills and low-to-moderate for attitude. The findings indicate that human readiness is a central implementation domain, but the wider literature also identifies organizational, technical, workflow, training, and governance conditions. Because effect estimates were not available in a common metric for all 73 references, the pooled estimates represent compatible quantitative subsets rather than all cited studies.

Oil and Gas Well workover Operation Analysis Through an Integrated Approach of Lean Manufacturing, Just-in-Time, and Multi Attribute Failure Mode Analysis

2026-08-25T13:56:13+00:00

Workover operations in oil and gas well are the life line of mature well, but with oil and gas price today, the cost-effective operation is the heart of future operation. Offshore well workover is a sequential activity with high equipment, personnel, transportation, and safety constraints. This study examines an ESP change out program well WSU-3HZ performed with Hydraulic Workover Unit (HWU)-225 based on operational data where experienced an increasing on operational cost up to 101,2% and operating days up to 165%. This study aims to develops an operational improvement by integrating Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Just-In-Time (JIT), Just-In-Case (JIC), and Multi Attribute Failure Mode Analysis (MAFMA). Historical time log and lookahead data shows 335.5 hrs completion time, comprising 137.25 hrs of Value Added (VA), 67.75 hrs of Essential Non-Value Added (ENVA), and 130.5 hrs of Non-Value Added (NVA), yielding a Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) of 40.91%. The root cause analysis by 7 waste tool and fishbone diagram indicates that the largest systemic issue was an unplanned change in work scope without corresponding with logistic readiness, particularly the introduction of CSG scrapper activities after ESP damage was identified. Survey on 36 workers shows stronger acceptance of JIC (HI 5.68) than JIT (HI 4.34), supporting the differentiated logistics policy rather than full JIT implementation. MAFMA-WRI places the unplanned CSG scrapper, weather related problem, Vessel/transportation waiting, equipment preparation, and Slickline related problems among the principal improvement priorities. The proposed future state retains JIC for critical and long lead resources while applying JIT for selected lower critical item. The modelled configuration reduces Leadtime to 241 hrs, raises PCE to 77.7%, and indicates potential savings of approximately USD 225,260. The study therefore supports Hybrid JIT-JIC policy reinforced by pre-job engineering verification, equipment readiness, logistic synchronization, and contingency planning.

Failure Mode Analysis of an Auto Palletizing System Using FMEA at PT XYZ

2026-08-25T14:02:21+00:00

The Auto Palletizing System played a role in the end-of-line production process by automatically arranging products onto pallets to maintain production continuity and operational efficiency. However, recurring failures within the system caused production downtime and reduced equipment reliability. This study aimed to identify failure modes, evaluate their risk levels, and determine improvement priorities using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. A quantitative case study approach was employed using operational failure data collected from January to April 2026 through field observations, maintenance records, and interviews with production and maintenance personnel at PT XYZ. Each failure mode was evaluated based on Severity, Occurrence, and Detection ratings to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The results identified seven failure modes affecting the Auto Palletizing system. Five failure modes were classified as critical, namely Pallet Conveyor Jam (RPN 336), Gripper/Robot Error (288), Pallet Stuck (270), Carton Miss Orientation (256), and Carton Falling (245). These failures were identified as the primary contributors to production interruptions and system downtime. The study concluded that FMEA effectively prioritized critical failure modes and provided a systematic basis for determining improvement priorities to enhance the reliability and operational performance of the Auto Palletizing system.

Effectiveness of Implementing Mind Mapping Techniques Through Group Guidance Services to Improve Students’ Learning Motivation in Class VII K at SMP Negeri 11 Kupang

2026-08-28T02:44:21+00:00

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing mind mapping techniques through group guidance services to improve the learning motivation of seventh-grade students in class VII K at SMP Negeri 11 Kupang during the 2025/2026 academic year. The research problem concerns whether the application of the mind mapping technique is effective in improving students’ learning motivation. This study employed a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The independent variable (X) was the implementation of the mind mapping technique through group guidance services, while the dependent variable (Y) was students’ learning motivation. The population consisted of 32 students in class VII K, with seven students selected as the research sample using a learning motivation questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The data were analyzed using a paired-samples t-test. The statistical results showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. These findings indicate that the implementation of mind mapping techniques through group guidance services was effective in improving students’ learning motivation in the research setting.

The Influence of Performance on Employee Work Productivity at the Regional Disaster Management Agency Office of Sidenreng Rappang Regency

2026-08-28T07:37:25+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of employee performance on work productivity at the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Sidenreng Rappang Regency and to identify aspects that require improvement. This study was motivated by existing problems related to employee discipline and punctuality, including tardiness and leaving the office before the end of working hours. The study employed a descriptive quantitative approach. The population consisted of 76 community members who had received services or participated in disaster management activities, with a sample of 43 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, literature review, and questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive analysis, validity testing, reliability testing, and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that employee performance obtained a percentage of 74.8%, while work productivity reached 74.9%, both of which were categorized as agree. The correlation coefficient was 0.576, while the coefficient of determination was 0.332, indicating that employee performance contributed 33.2% to work productivity, while the remaining 66.8% was influenced by other factors outside the scope of this study. The t-test result was 4.516 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, employee performance has a positive and significant effect on work productivity. Commitment was the highest performance indicator, while punctuality and work enthusiasm remain aspects that require improvement.